Description
Crude oil is the first and most important step in refining crude oil. In this process, crude oil, which is a mixture of hydrocarbons, is split into components with different boiling points. This separation is based on the simple principle that substances with a lower boiling point evaporate faster.
Distillation Steps:
Atmospheric Distillation: Crude oil is first heated in a distillation tower under normal (atmospheric) pressure. As the temperature increases, lighter components such as light gases (methane, ethane), gasoline and kerosene are vaporized and collected in different trays of the tower. Heavier components such as diesel, fuel oil and residual oil (RC) collect at the bottom of the tower.
Vacuum Distillation: The oil residue from atmospheric distillation, which contains heavy hydrocarbons, is transferred to the vacuum distillation tower. In this tower, the pressure is reduced to allow the heavier components to vaporize further down. The main product of this stage is vacuum diesel and vacuum residue.
Final Products:
The products obtained from the distillation of crude oil are very diverse and have wide applications. Some of the most important products are:
Light gases( used as fuel and petrochemical raw materials), Gasoline( fuel for cars) ,Kerosene( fuel for old and halal airplanes), Diesel( fuel for diesel cars and trucks) Fuel oil( fuel for power plants and industries) and Vacuum residue( raw material for the production of asphalt, lubricants and chemicals)
Simulation of Crude Oil Distillation Tower
In this project, the process of crude oil refining is simulated with Aspen Hysys software. Crude oil first enters the atmospheric distillation tower. After separating the oil fractions, the atmospheric distillation residue enters the distillation tower in vacuum.
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